1940年，美国加利福尼亚州立大学的意大利籍教授塞格瑞(Segre)、柯尔森(Corson)、麦肯希(Mackenzie)用高能α粒子轰击铋时，得到了第85号元素，他们命名它为astatine，中译名为砹。
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从那时起，用塞格瑞恩的话来说，该研究小组就致力于“使其研究成果更多地为本土民众所采用”。
The research group has since begun to "make its observations more actionable for the people on the ground," as Sagarin put it.
“我们所学到的主要经验之一就是，需要开发安全措施时，发布挑战要比下达命令更为有效，”塞格·瑞恩说道。
"One of the main lessons we learned is that issuing challenges is more effective than giving orders when there is a need to develop security measures," Sagarin said.
按照塞格·瑞恩及文章联合作者的说法，现代人类社会的安全问题类似于许多生物体所面对的情况。
The security issues of modern human societies are analogous to those of many organisms, according to Sagarin and his co-authors.
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