他以囊性纤维化为例：不像乳腺癌，在这个领域没有获取相关基因的使用权不受垄断专利权限制，因此许多相互竞争的检验公司纷纷成立。

As evidence, he points to the case of cystic fibrosis: unlike breast cancer, no monopoly patent blocks access to the relevant gene, and dozens of rival testing companies flourish.

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专利授予制度为开发新技术提供了暂时的垄断地位，它最初的建立是为了激励人们追求有风险的新想法。

The system of patent-granting, which confers temporary monopolies for the exploitation of new technologies, was originally established as an incentive to the pursuit of risky new ideas.

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举例来说，对关键零件和材料有专利权或垄断经营权的供应商可能会被施加压力，让他们从地理上分散生产基地。

For instance, suppliers who have near-monopolies on crucial parts and materials may be pressed to spread their production facilities geographically.

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