他以囊性纤维化为例：不像乳腺癌，在这个领域没有获取相关基因的使用权不受垄断专利权限制，因此许多相互竞争的检验公司纷纷成立。
As evidence, he points to the case of cystic fibrosis: unlike breast cancer, no monopoly patent blocks access to the relevant gene, and dozens of rival testing companies flourish.
专利授予制度为开发新技术提供了暂时的垄断地位，它最初的建立是为了激励人们追求有风险的新想法。
The system of patent-granting, which confers temporary monopolies for the exploitation of new technologies, was originally established as an incentive to the pursuit of risky new ideas.
举例来说，对关键零件和材料有专利权或垄断经营权的供应商可能会被施加压力，让他们从地理上分散生产基地。
For instance, suppliers who have near-monopolies on crucial parts and materials may be pressed to spread their production facilities geographically.
Bengt O.Bengtsson说，这种说法没有打动我，然而我对植物育种中不断增加的专利和垄断做法所表达出的不安表示赞同和同情。
This argument does not impress me. I sympathise, however, with the unease over the increased use of patents and monopolising practices in plant breeding.
最常见的滥用专利权行为常发生在专利权人利用其专利违反反垄断法的时候。
The most common type of misuse occurs when the patent holder USES the patent to violate the antitrust laws.
这里也有反驳他们的意见：行业主导者可以像跨越障碍一样使用专利，这也是为什么美国反垄断监管机构对专利之争很感兴趣的原因。
There is a retort to that, too: that incumbents can use patents as barriers to entry, which is why America’s antitrust regulators are showing interest in them.
新药可以获得专利，并提供了一定时间的垄断权。
New drugs are granted patents that provide a monopoly for a period of time.
悲观主义者预计，专利战将无休止打下去，正如领域越来越广的信息技术产业似乎总是卷入反垄断诉讼一样。
Pessimists predict an everlasting patent war, much as the wider information-technology industry seems permanently embroiled in antitrust action.
其中之一是利用一项旨在鼓励仿制药的法律。这项法律授予专利药物的第一个仿制品由监管机构批准的在美国6个月的垄断权。
One is a law intended to encourage generics that grants the first copy of a patented drug to win regulatory approval in America a six-month monopoly.
对此说法的反驳是：现状确实把专利设置成了企业进入障碍，而这也正是美国反垄断监管机构如今工作重点。
There is a retort to that, too: that incumbents can use patents as barriers to entry, which is why America's antitrust regulators are showing interest in them.
最常见的滥用专利权常发生在专利权人利用其专利违反反垄断法的时候。
The most common type of misuse occurs when the patent holder USES the patent to violate the antitrust laws.
防御型专利战略是打破竞争对手技术垄断的关键。
The defensive patent strategy is the key to break down the technological monopoly of competitors.
互联网点子难获专利，现实也确实如此，他称：专利引发暂时性垄断，这往往会遏制竞争。
Internet ideas are rarely patented and rightly so, he says: patents create a temporary monopoly which tends to stifle competition.
这使制药商在专利期内得以合法地垄断市场。
That gives the manufacturer a legally acquired monopoly during the life of the patent.
尽管不在于其本身，一项临时性申请已足以垄断一项发明，它仍将向申请人提供所有重要的优先权日期和专利受理号。
Although, not in itself, enough to monopolise an invention a provisional application will provide an applicant with an all important priority date and patent pending number.
几乎所有的跨国公司都在通过实施其专利战略，巩固和扩大他们在全球经济、技术中的垄断地位。
Almost all big companies have adopted in the implementation of its patent strategy, so that they may consolidate and expand monopoly in the global economy and technology.
由于专利权法定垄断权的性质使得其垄断权容易被用于限制竞争，因此在专利许可协议中出现了众多限制竞争的条款。
For patent is a kind of legal monopoly right, its monopoly right is easy to be used to restrict competition, and brings to many restricting clauses into patent licensing contracts.
专利给予发明人对其发明的产品或服务的合法垄断权。
Patent is a legal exclusive right of the invented products and services given to the inventor.
但是，在某些场合下专利权人可能会滥用专利权非法限制竞争，从而构成对反垄断法的违反。
But the owner of patent Possibly abuse patent rights to limit the competition illegally on some occasion which violates against anti-monopoly law.
2003年当专利局坚持孟山都公司的垄断时，其对手感到震惊。
Opponents were shocked when EPO upheld Monsanto's monopoly in 2003.
我国理论界对专利池的研究主要集中在形成机理和反垄断两个方面，长期以来忽视了专利池的治理结构研究。
The research on patent pool theory focuses on the formation mechanism and anti-monopoly policy two aspects, but ignores to study the structure of patent pool for a long time in China.
由此将导致标准领域里的专利技术及相关专有技术的垄断高价问题。
So it will lead to the monopolistic high price of patent technology and related know-how in the aspect of standard.
曾经参与人类基因组定序的一位顶尖英国科学家称，将首个合成生命形式申请专利的行为将使该创造者获得一系列基因工程方面的垄断权。
A top UK scientist who helped sequence the human genome has said efforts to patent the first synthetic life form would give its creator a monopoly on a range of genetic engineering.
这些往往被授予一项专利样垄断和英国早在现代起源的专利制度。
These were often grants of a patent-like monopoly and predate the modern British origins of the patent system.
这些往往被授予一项专利样垄断和英国早在现代起源的专利制度。
These were often grants of a patent-like monopoly and predate the modern British origins of the patent system.
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