尤其具有挑战性的是头部损伤，无论轻微还是严重，能够扰乱位于大脑外面的身体嗅觉感受器—嗅球神经细胞功能。

Especially challenging are those that result from head injuries, whether minor or severe, that disrupt the function of the body's smell receptors - olfactory nerve cells that lie outside the brain.

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在哺乳动物身上，位于鼻部的神经细胞运用特殊的气味感受器探测气味，并将信息传输给嗅球——嗅觉的整合中枢。

In mammals, neurons located in the nose detect scents using special odor receptors, and shuttle the information to the olfactory bulb, which is the integration center for smell.

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多尔曼指出，例如大鼠鼻腔有一半的面积附有嗅细胞，而对于人类来说，这种嗅觉接收区就小得多，他说——“也就鼻腔的3% - 5%吧。”

For instance, Dorman notes that half of the nasal cavity of a rat is lined with olfactory-system cells. In humans, this receptive area is much smaller, he says - "only about 3 to 5 percent."

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