尤其具有挑战性的是头部损伤，无论轻微还是严重，能够扰乱位于大脑外面的身体嗅觉感受器—嗅球神经细胞功能。
Especially challenging are those that result from head injuries, whether minor or severe, that disrupt the function of the body's smell receptors - olfactory nerve cells that lie outside the brain.
在哺乳动物身上，位于鼻部的神经细胞运用特殊的气味感受器探测气味，并将信息传输给嗅球——嗅觉的整合中枢。
In mammals, neurons located in the nose detect scents using special odor receptors, and shuttle the information to the olfactory bulb, which is the integration center for smell.
多尔曼指出，例如大鼠鼻腔有一半的面积附有嗅细胞，而对于人类来说，这种嗅觉接收区就小得多，他说——“也就鼻腔的3% - 5%吧。”
For instance, Dorman notes that half of the nasal cavity of a rat is lined with olfactory-system cells. In humans, this receptive area is much smaller, he says - "only about 3 to 5 percent."
嗅觉信息从这些接收器细胞沿着神经被运输到嗅球，大脑中关于气味的信息在此处理。
From the receptor cells, information about smell travels along nerves to the olfactory bulbs, the parts of the brain where information about smell is processed.
相反的，其他区域如海马区和与嗅觉相关的嗅球区，他们的基因表达也互相包含。
Conversely, in other regions such as the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, which is associated with smell, gene expression was more contained.
人类鼻腔的屋顶，有一块面积如邮票大小被称之为“嗅上皮”的嗅觉器官。
The human nose contains a postage stamp-size smelling organ, called the olfactory epithelium, at the roof of the nasal cavity.
在鸟类里，嗅觉度便是相当于嗅球对比于鸟类前半脑的体积，并且常常用百分比表示。
In birds, the olfactory ratio is the relative size of the bulb compared with that of the brain's cerebral hemispheres and is usually expressed as a percentage.
人工智能嗅觉系统是一种新颖的模拟人的嗅觉来分析、识别和检测复杂嗅味和挥发性成分的仪器。
The artificial intelligent olfactory system is a novel apparatus, which simulates human olfaction to analyze, identify and examine complex gas and volatility.
电子鼻是一种新颖的模拟人的嗅觉来分析、识别和检测复杂嗅味和挥发性成分的仪器。
The electronic nose is a novel apparatus, which simulates human olfaction to analyze, recognize and examine complex gas and volatility.
目的：填补国人嗅神经、嗅球和嗅束的形态学资料，为鼻腔顶、颅前窝手术提供保护病人嗅觉功能的解剖学依据。
Objective:To Provide morphological data of olfactory nerves, bulb and tract of Chinese to protect olfactory function in the operation of nasal cavity roof and anterior cranial fossae.
气味物质作用于嗅细胞，产生神经冲动经嗅神经传导，最后到达大脑皮层的嗅中枢，形成嗅觉。
Odour material action at smell cell, generation nerve impulse is conducted via olfactory nerve, reach the smell center of pallium finally, form smell.
结论：嗅球内突触小球和神经元减少、细胞器老化可能是导致老年性嗅觉障碍的主要原因。
Conclusion:The decreasing of the synaptic glomerulus and ageing of the organella maybe the main factor of causing the olfactory bulb sensation obstruction.
目的研究凋亡是否参与嗅上皮正常生理更替和嗅球摘除后嗅觉神经元死亡后再生过程，探讨凋亡与神经元再生的关系。
Purpose To study whether apoptosis play a role in controlling the number of olfactory receptor neurons, so as to reveal the speciality and its relationship in neurogenesis.
而对于AD的早期诊断，则有望通过对内嗅区的新陈代谢和嗅觉变化的研究得以实现。
The research of metabolism of ER and olfaction changes can contribute to the early diagnosis of AD.
这主要是由于鼻腔的复杂结构及嗅区的特殊生理位置，为直接的嗅觉实验研究带来了不少困难。
The main reason is the complicated anatomic structure of the nasal cavity and the special physiological location of the olfactory region, which has caused much trouble in direct experiment studies.
事实上，由于鸟的嗅球比较小，它们的嗅觉并没有那么灵敏，所以你遗留在小鸟身上的气味并不会让它抛弃它的小孩。
Birds can't actually smell all that well because of their small olfactory bulbs, so your scent won't make the mother bird abandon its young.
我们运用电生理、神经示踪、遗传工程及行为分析的手段，研究嗅觉信号在嗅球，内侧杏仁核及下丘脑的加工和表征。
We are using approaches including electrophysiology, neural tract tracing, genetic engineering, and behavioral assay to study the representation of the olfactory signals in this pathway.
我们运用电生理、神经示踪、遗传工程及行为分析的手段，研究嗅觉信号在嗅球，内侧杏仁核及下丘脑的加工和表征。
We are using approaches including electrophysiology, neural tract tracing, genetic engineering, and behavioral assay to study the representation of the olfactory signals in this pathway.
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