In part four, the focus, i. e. a sort of non-communion information between thespeaker and hearer. There’s only one type of focus--the information focus.
焦点即说话者和听话者之间的一种非共享信息，其类型只有一种——信息焦点。
参考来源 - “是……的”结构的语义角色及其焦点指派Sometimes it is the listener’s failure to properly interpret the utterances that cause pragmatic failure.
有时候,听话者对说话者言语意图的错误理解也会造成语用失误。
参考来源 - 中英交际中语用失误现象分析·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
经常，随意的单词使用阻碍说话者和听话者之间的思想交会。
Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.
此外，不正确的或者不明确的词可能会使听话者难于理解传送给他的消息。
Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.
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