即counterfactual reasoning,指的是设定与事实相反的条件,以确定变量之间的因果关系,使个体将事件的真实现存状态与假设的、希望的理想状态进行比较的过程。由于国际政治不同于实验学科,无法进行人为控制的实验,因此通常采用反事实推理的方式来探讨某个原因是否重要。
结果表明:1.3岁儿童在结果反事实推理中的得分显著低于4岁和5岁儿童,而4岁和5岁儿童的得分并不存在显著差异;
The results indicated:(1) The scores of 3-year-old children's consequent counterfactual reasoning were lower than that of 4 and 5-year-old children.
反事实思维是人们日常生活中经常产生的一种思维方式,这种思维常常影响因果推理和归因。
Counterfactual thinking is a way of thinking in our everyday life, which influence causal reasoning and attribution.
应用推荐