评级单位，举例来说，被告知延迟交易，这样他们可以在公告发出的时候，准备是升级还是降级。
Rating agencies, for instance, are told about pending deals so they can be ready with upgrades or downgrades when the announcement comes.
1999 - 2007年间，主权债务每年的升级数量要超过降级数量。
Upgrades of sovereign debt exceeded downgrades in every year between 1999 and 2007.
1999年到2007年间，每年得到信用升级的国债数量要多于被降级的国债数量，而金融危机之后情况发生了变化。
Upgrades of sovereign debt exceeded downgrades in every year between 1999 and 2007. That has changed as a result of the financial crisis (see chart).
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