为了应对DNA损伤，细胞有一套复杂的机制，包括细胞周期停滞，诱导转录和DNA修复被激活。
In response to DNA damage, the complex cellular mechanisms including cell cycle arrest, transcription induction and DNA repair are activated.
泛素缀合途径参与细胞的多种代谢过程，包括DNA损伤修复、细胞周期调控及应激反应等。
The ubiquitin-conjugating pathway involves in numerous metabolic processes in cells, including DNA damage repair, cell cycle control, stress responses and so on.
多种细胞机制功能障碍将导致染色体不稳定性，包括染色体分离、DNA损伤反应、细胞周期检查点、端粒功能等。
Several factors, such as defects in chromosome segregation and DNA damage response, failure of cell cycle checkpoint, telomere dysfunction, may cause chromosomal instability.
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