在上市前判断一个新药是否比其所有竞争药物更好不但困难而且花费巨大。

It would be difficult and expensive to show, prior to marketing, that a new drug is better than all competing drugs.

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公元前300年还没有飞机，人们判断那时候飞机的设计就已经完成了。

There were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made.

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更重要的是，另一组需要在给出评级前花一分钟先写下他们的判断理由。

Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating.

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