冻土是指零摄氏度以下，并含有冰的各种岩石和土壤。一般可分为短时冻土（数小时/数日以至半月）/季节冻土（半月至数月）以及多年冻土（又称永久冻土，指的是持续二年或二年以上的冻结不融的土层）。 冻土具有流变性，其长期强度远低于瞬时强度特征。正由于这些特征，在冻土区修筑工程构筑物就必须面临两大危险：冻胀和融沉。随着气候变暖，冻土在不断退化。
frozen earth ; tjaele ; merzlota ; taele
Patchy permafrost is ede of vast and continuous permafrost zone which is degrading, it is discontinuous horizontally.
岛状多年冻土是大片连续多年冻土退化的边缘地带，具有平面上不连续特点。
参考来源 - 岛状多年冻土地区路基路面稳定性研究On the basis of the thaw settlement test and the creep test, the mechanical properties of subgrade soil in penennially frozen soil zone are studied.
通过路基土室内融沉压密试验和蠕变试验，对多年冻土地区路基土的工程性质进行了研究。
参考来源 - 多年冻土地区路基变形特性研究This thesis put up the freezing-thawing mechanics of soft rock basing on the frozen soil which has developed. The problems involved and proposed problems need to solve have all pointed out.
本文在冻土力学的基础上将软岩冻融力学作为一个课题提出来,并具体指出它所包含的内容与拟解决的关键问题,针对西部特殊环境具体的解决冻融环境的变化对岩体,特别是软弱岩体的稳定性影响。
参考来源 - 软岩体冻融损伤水热力耦合研究初探Exploring artificial freezing soil’s speciality of frost-heaving and thaw-settlement is keytechnology and important basal research about popularizing artificial freezing method for municipal underground space.
人工冻土冻胀融沉特性研究是人工冻结法向城市地下空间推广应用的关键技术和重要基础研究工作。
参考来源 - 人工冻土冻胀、融沉特性试验研究Since 1980s, glacier retreating, permafrost degradation, lakes shrinking, vegetation degradation and so on happen in the regions.
上世纪八十年代以来,长江源区出现了冰川退缩、冻土退化、湖泊萎缩、植被退化等现象。
参考来源 - 长江源区蒸散量及水涵养能力变化规律与影响因素Based on the thoroughly analysis of the runoff formation characteristics in the cold zone and the roles of snow and frozen earth especially, the following phenomenon and processes are successful simulated, and a series results are obtained.1.
冰雪和冻土的水文物理特性，及其对径流形成过程的作用，是寒区流域产汇流的主要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面。
参考来源 - 寒区流域水文模拟研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
冻土上很快就形成了一层厚厚的积雪。
它们的根长得不深，所以永久冻土不会影响它们的生长。
Their roots don't grow very deep, so the permafrost doesn't interfere with their growth.
在这一活跃层下面，是被称为“多年冻土”的第二层，终年冻结，不透水。
Beneath this active layer is a second layer called "permafrost", which is frozen all year around, and is impermeable to water.
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