冻土上很快就形成了一层厚厚的积雪。
它们的根长得不深，所以永久冻土不会影响它们的生长。
Their roots don't grow very deep, so the permafrost doesn't interfere with their growth.
在这一活跃层下面，是被称为“多年冻土”的第二层，终年冻结，不透水。
Beneath this active layer is a second layer called "permafrost", which is frozen all year around, and is impermeable to water.
冰河时代猛犸象的柔软部位，包括皮肤、毛发和内脏，被保存在冻土或石油渗出的焦油中。
Soft parts, including skin, hair, and viscera of ice age mammoths, have been preserved in frozen soil or in the oozing tar of oil seeps.
地质学家认为，这个具有流体化喷出物的陨石坑表明，在地表下几米深处有一层永久冻土层或水冰。
Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost, or water ice, lies just a few meters under the surface.
造成这种情况的原因有两个：首先，它们生活在活动层中，请记住，活动层中包含的水不会渗透永久冻土。
There're two reasons for this: first, they live in the active layer, which, remember, contains water that doesn't penetrate the permafrost.
答案可能是，现在火星上几乎所有的水都被锁在地表下的永久冻土层中，更多的水被包含在这个星球的极地冰帽中。
The answer may be that virtually all the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer under the surface, with more contained in the planet's polar caps.
由于寒冷的气温，冻土带有两层：最上面的一层被称为活动层，在冬季和春季被冻结，但在夏季解冻。
Because of the cold temperatures, the tundra has two layers: top layer, which is called the active layer, is frozen in the winter and spring, but thaws in the summer.
可把季节冻土分为过渡型、半过渡型、长期稳定型和稳定型等类型。
The seasonally frozen ground can be divided into intergradation, semi-intergradation, long-term stability and stability.
由于冻土融化，陆地会失去吸水性。
As the permafrost melts, the land loses its capacity to absorb water.
几乎到处是冰——永冻土层——现在都在融化。
永久冻土温度上升，在此基础上修建基础设施。
Permafrost warms up, and infrastructure built on it founders.
冻土上见到的最后一次日落。
森林是深绿色，而冻土带仍然是黄褐色。
“我一辈子都生活在冻土带上。”他说。
“气候引爆点”的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。
An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost.
人们相信，在西伯利亚冻土下埋藏着近千万的猛犸。
It is believed that 10 million mammoths are buried under the frozen soil of Siberia.
海冰和冻土层的出现很多年来帮助保护了北极障壁岛。
The presence of sea ice and of permafrost helps protect Arctic barrier islands for much of the year.
冻土带与森林之间在照片上呈现出一条分界线。
例如，随着冻土融解，二氧化碳增多，针叶林将继续北移。
The boreal forest will creep northwards, for example, as the permafrost thaws and carbon fertilisation increases.
温暖的气候也会帮助揭开哪些尘封在冻土之下的考古真相。
Warming temperatures may also help uncover archaeological evidence buried under permafrost.
土地测量员的右手边向远方展开了一片黑暗的冻土，无边无际。
On the surveyor's right hand stretched a dark frozen plain, endless and boundless.
在北极发生的其它气候正反馈还包括永久冻土融化和植被变化。
Other positive climate feedbacks that operate in the Arctic include the thawing of permafrost and vegetation changes.
“这些永久冻土中的沉积物开始融化，并释放出甲烷，”麦斯林说。
"These permafrost deposits are now melting and releasing their methane," said Maslin.
永久冻土层经过千万年的累积形成，其中包含了巨量的冻僵的有机物。
The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia.
永久冻土融化导致甲烷和其他碳化合物释放到大气层，增加温室效应。
Thawing permafrost leads to releases of methane and other carbon compounds that can reach the atmosphere and increase greenhouse warming.
中心地区山不多。那里湖泊河流密布。低矮的植物生长在永久的冻土上。
Not in the center. It is full of lakes, rivers and low vegetation resting on permafrost.
中心地区山不多.那里湖泊河流密布.低矮的植物生长在永久的冻土上.
Not in the center. It is full of lakes, rivers and low vegetation resting on permafrost.
中心地区山不多.那里湖泊河流密布.低矮的植物生长在永久的冻土上.
Not in the center. It is full of lakes, rivers and low vegetation resting on permafrost.
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