因为黑色的冰在2010年暴露在外面的时间较早且较长，它就吸收了较多的能量，结果使融化期延长。

Since dark ice was exposed earlier and longer in 2010, it absorbed more energy, leading to a longer melt season.

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围绕障碍物流动使融化前部的速度下降并产生较高的局部粘性而减少松弛作用。

Flow around an obstruction causes a decrease in melt front speed and leads to high local viscosity and reduced relaxation.

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比冰的反射率小，海水吸收了更多的阳光，加速了融化并使融化后的淡水注入这些通气孔。

Less reflective than ice, water absorbs more solar rays, speeding the thaw and channeling meltwater into seals' breathing holes.

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