从同一种语言分化出来的几种独立的语言，彼此有同源关系。在语音、词汇、语法上有一定的共同特点和对应关系。语系、语族、语支都是根据语言的“亲属关系”建立的，叫亲属语言。如汉语和藏语、壮语、苗语，它们同出一源，是亲属语言。
东乡语是阿尔泰语系蒙古亲属语言之一。
Dongxiang dialect is one of Mongolian language family in Altaic.
它不仅适用于亲属语言内部语音、语法规则的历史比较，也适用于非亲属语言之间某些语言要素的比较。
It not only applies to historical comparison between rules of phonology and those of grammar in relative languages, but also applies to some linguistic elements beyond relative languages.
护理人员有情感支持也很重要，用病人及亲属能够理解的语言诚实、清楚、精简地说明操作程序可以帮助减轻病人的焦虑。
Emotional support from the nursing staff is important. Honest, clear, concise explanations of all procedures in language the patient and family can understand will assist in allaying anxiety.
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