第二,主要群体是基本的,因为他们提供了供我们满足大多数个人需求的条件。
Second, primary groups are fundamental because they provide the settings in which we meet most of our personal needs.
第三,当我们有频繁和持续的接触时,主要群体凝聚力增强的可能性也增加了。
Third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact.
如果使用奖励失败了,通过拒绝或威胁来排斥那些偏离主要群体规范的人,成员可以经常获胜。
Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms.
There is social, which is the study of how people act in groups, how people act with other people.
还有社会心理学,主要研究人类的群体行为,如何与他人交流
In 1859, Mill wrote a famous book on liberty, the main point of which was the importance of defending individual rights and minority rights, and in 1861, toward the end of his life, he wrote the book we read as part of this course, "Utilitarianism."
859年穆勒写了本关于自由的名著,书里的主要观点是,争取个体和少数群体权利的重要性,1861年,在晚年时期,他写了《功利主义》,这也属于本课的阅读资料“
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