proving that they are indeed type Ia;

其次，证明发现的确实是Ia型超新星；

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Astronomers know that each Type Ia explosion has about the same brightness.

天文学家知道每种类型的Ia超新星的爆炸亮度相差无几。

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By the late 1980s, a suitable standard candle had been indentified: type Ia supernovae.

到上世纪八十年代末，一个合适的标准烛光出现了，它就是Ia型超新星。

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Called SN 2002cx, it is considered the most peculiar type Ia supernova ever observed.

FORBES: When A Supernova ... Fizzles

The observations also show for the first time that a white dwarf can create a cavity around it before blowing up in a Type Ia event.

FORBES: NASA Reveals the Mysteries of the First Known Supernova

Standard Type Ia supernovae are binary systems in which a white dwarf star draws so much matter from its companion (often a red giant) that it undergoes a kind of energy overload and detonates.

FORBES: When A Supernova ... Fizzles