By the late 1980s, a suitable standard candle had been indentified: type Ia supernovae.

到上世纪八十年代末，一个合适的标准烛光出现了，它就是Ia型超新星。

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Type Ia supernovae are so luminous that they outshine their host galaxies for several weeks.

Ia型超新星如此之亮，以至于在几个星期内它的寄主星系的光芒也相形见绌。

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Researchers first observed accelerated expansion by studying Type Ia supernovae-the explosive deaths of White Dwarf stars.

研究人员在研究Ia型超新星——白矮星爆炸中的消亡过程时首度观察到加速的膨胀。

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Standard Type Ia supernovae are binary systems in which a white dwarf star draws so much matter from its companion (often a red giant) that it undergoes a kind of energy overload and detonates.

FORBES: When A Supernova ... Fizzles