The trench lines of the Petersburg–Richmond theatre of operations in the final months of that war were the foremost example of trench warfare in the 19th century.
在那场战争的最后几个月里，彼得斯堡-里士满战区的壕沟体系是堑壕战在19世纪得到应用的先例。
Trench warfare is resorted to when the superior firepower of the defense compels the opposing forces to "dig in" so extensively as to sacrifice their mobility in order to gain protection.
当防守方的优势火力迫使敌方广泛“掘壕”，以牺牲机动性来获得防护力时，就会发生堑壕战。
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