Labor supply shocks varied depending on the infection rate and mortality in a given country.

劳动力供给突变的幅度大小取决于一国的感染率和死亡率高低。

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Supply shocks generate larger increases in inflation and bigger falls in output when wages are rigid.

当工资变动不灵活时，供应危机引发更大幅度的通胀上涨和产出下降。

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The reserves were set up in the wake of the Arab oil embargo of 1973 to blunt the effects of severe supply shocks.

石油储备是在1973年阿拉伯石油禁运事件之后设立的，用于削弱急剧石油供应震动所带来的影响。

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For that rule of thumb is largely composed of observations of what has happened in past supply shocks.

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Going into the shoulder season there will be much less of a buffer to absorb any exogenous supply shocks.

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And that is if there are no supply shocks before then.

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