They could also react more appropriately to supply shocks.
他们也可以更合适地对供给冲击做出反应。
Fluctuations in industrial output are influenced by supply shocks and demand shocks.
工业产值的波动受供给冲击和需求冲击的双重影响。
Labor supply shocks varied depending on the infection rate and mortality in a given country.
劳动力供给突变的幅度大小取决于一国的感染率和死亡率高低。
CRU expects aluminium prices to recede from these high levels if no further supply shocks occur.
CRU预计，如果没有发生进一步的供应危机，铝价将从当前的高位回落。
Supply shocks generate larger increases in inflation and bigger falls in output when wages are rigid.
当工资变动不灵活时，供应危机引发更大幅度的通胀上涨和产出下降。
The reserves were set up in the wake of the Arab oil embargo of 1973 to blunt the effects of severe supply shocks.
石油储备是在1973年阿拉伯石油禁运事件之后设立的，用于削弱急剧石油供应震动所带来的影响。
With inflation kept down by supply shocks, inflation-targeting central Banks kept interest rates too low too long.
由于供应冲击使通胀维持在低位，制定通胀目标的一些央行，在太长的时间里，将利率维持在了太低的水平上。
Friedmanbelieved that for the most part, excluding very large supply shocks, business declines are more of a monetary phenomenon.
弗里德曼认为，在大多数情况下，不包括非常大的供给冲击，企业下降更多的货币现象。
short-term supply shocks thanks to unusually cold weather and pest infestation in Vietnam, the world's second largest supplier of rice;
世界第二大米供应商越南出现的极不寻常的极冷天气和虫灾问题给短期供应带来冲击；
This is because the increase in inflation has been mostly driven by food, as a result of supply shocks, rather than caused by excess aggregate demand.
因为，主要由食品价格驱动的通胀的上升是由于供应上的意外，而非更多的需求引起的。
Supply shocks are once again charged with pushing up China's food prices, but it is a surplus of money, not a deficit of pigs, that is the real culprit.
供给面冲击再次被指推高了中国的食品价格，不过真正的罪魁祸首是货币供应的过量，而不是猪养的不够多。
The oil market has typically been characterized by supply shocks or, more specifically, by a sharp elevation in the fear of interrupted flows in oil supply.
一般说来，石油市场一直都具有种种供应冲击的特点，或者，更具体地说，由于担心中断石油供应流量而大幅度抬升的特点。
"We're working with our Board to deploy index-related hedges and insurance products to protect poor farmers and countries from weather and supply shocks," said Zoellick.
“我们正与我们的理事会一道制定与指标相连的对冲和保险产品，以保护贫困的农民和国家不受气候和供应冲击的影响，”佐利克说。
But as long as they are targeting inflation it seems unlikely that further easing would occur during a period where two adverse supply shocks are driving up inflation expectations.
当前时期，两种不利供给冲击正在推高预期通胀率，只要美联储以通货膨胀为目标，近期就不大可能实行进一步的量化宽松。
The impact of various supply shocks, notably blue-ear disease which killed thousands of pigs, were aggravated last month by the worst snowstorms for 50 years, damaging crops and disrupting transport.
供给冲击造成的影响（譬如去年的蓝耳病造成生猪大面积死亡）在今冬五十年不遇的暴雪中显得更加明显，这场灾难不仅致使交通瘫痪，还造成粮食作物毁灭性的损失。
But if we are focusing purely on the business cycle, then shocks to the supply and demand for money (including expectations of future changes) are the primary determinant of the pace of recovery.
但是如果我们只是单纯地把注意力放在商业周期上，那么货币供求的震动(包括对货币未来变化的期望)就是决定经济复苏速度的主导因素。
That will simplify those supply chains, helping companies cope with shocks like the one inflicted by Japan's earthquake.
这将简化那些供应链，有助于企业应对日本地震引发的那种冲击。
With the ability and environmental management efforts to strengthen the supply side of the contract, the short-term spot market prices will promote price shocks become the main theme.
以能力和环境管理的努力，以加强供应方面的合同，短期现货市场价格将促进价格冲击成为主要的主题。
Aggregate supply and demand shocks in different stages of business cycle have different mechanisms.
经济周期不同阶段中总供给和总需求冲击具有不同的作用机制。
We give them a say in a couple of ways: one is by supply and the other is by price shocks.
我们还给了它们别两种称呼：一个是根据补给，另一个是根据价格震动。
Even if it is a small oil supply disruption or price fluctuations may result in severe economic and social shocks.
哪怕是一次很小的石油供应中断或是价格的波动都可能导致经济和社会的剧烈震荡。
Aggregate channels explained the asymmetry from the view of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, including the real balance effect, supply-side shocks and income transfers.
“总量效应”主要从总需求和总供给的角度来解释油价波动对经济的影响，主要包括“实际余额效应”、“供给冲击假说”和“收入转移假说”。
Aggregate channels explained the asymmetry from the view of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, including the real balance effect, supply-side shocks and income transfers.
“总量效应”主要从总需求和总供给的角度来解释油价波动对经济的影响，主要包括“实际余额效应”、“供给冲击假说”和“收入转移假说”。
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