Segments are the basic structure units in shield tunnel. The loads and relative mechanical behaviors of segments are different between construction stage and regular service stage.

管片是盾构隧道最基本的结构单元，与正常使用阶段相比，管片在施工阶段承受的荷载及相应的力学行为均有较大差异。

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When the novice teachers enter the teachers' post, they will all usually experience a confused and critical stage which is called the novice teacher stage or entrance to service stage.

新手教师进入工作岗位，通常都要经历一个迷茫而又关键的时期，我们称其为新手教师阶段或入职阶段。

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The stress level and distribution of the main girder during construction and service stage at 1/30 model are studied.

借助1∶30的整体模型，研究了施工阶段、成桥阶段全桥主梁的应力水平及分布状况。

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