The fourth part, constitute a risk of liability.

第四部分，危险责任的构成。

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The theory mainly from the profit reward theory, the risk of liability theory, theory of social costs, as well as trust relations theory.

其理论来源主要是获利报偿理论、危险责任理论、社会成本理论、以及信赖关系理论。

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There are other disincentives, too, especially for pharmaceutical companies: Pregnant women are "not a huge market, and it does carry this potential risk of liability," Baylis says.

另外还有一个阻碍因素，尤其对制药公司而言：“怀孕女性不是一个很大的市场，而且还需对这种潜在风险承担责任。”Baylis说。

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America's proverbially litigious culture makes all players in the public arena, be they government agencies, companies or schools, intensely keen to delimit their responsibilities, and within those limits to minimise the risk of liability.

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Fewer controls apply to research done by private companies with private money, and if the research is not on a drug or device that is federally regulated, it may be subject to no formal controls beyond the risk of liability.

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Not only is it labor-intensive to check references for people who might not be poised for a job offer, but Jack Harsh, adjunct professor at the University of Richmond Robins School of Business, said that many employers worry about the risk of liability in rejecting a candidate based on poor references.

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