Calculating an item's value is based on analysis of the development costs, the maintenance costs, the estimated replacement costs, and the annual business value contributed by that item.

项目价值的计算基于开发成本、维护成本、估计替换成本和该项目带来的年度业务价值的分析。

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If the quality department inspect the item and find it to be sub-standard, then a replacement or refund can be issued to the customer.

如果说质检部门检验这个产品后发现是不合格产品，就会像客户送去一个新品或者予以退款。

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Yeomans shall pay only the direct and actual cost of apparatus, repair or replacement as provided in item 3.

美国约曼公司将只负责第3款中规定的器械、维修或更换支付直接和实际成本。

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Zappos lets you return what you bought and gives you a full refund--including all shipping costs--regardless of whether you purchase a replacement item.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Failed deliveries are also more expensive for online retailers because those consumers are more likely to call customer service, switch to a competitor, or get a replacement item.

WSJ: Amazon's New Secret Weapon: Delivery Lockers

By contrast, online retailer Lands' End will pay for the shipping on a replacement order, but if you don't want to replace the item, it won't refund your original purchase.

FORBES: Magazine Article