A closer look at the fertility behavior of the poor is important because of the extensive literature on the "replacement effect" of high infant mortality.

仔细研究穷人的生育行为是很重要的，因为有大量关于婴儿高死亡率的“替代效应”的文献。

youdao

Interest rate affects life insurance demands mainly through the replacement effect and price effect.

利率主要通过替代效应和价格效应影响寿险需求。

youdao

Firstly, quantitative analysis discovery that there is no stock market wealth effect in China, stock market has a replacement effect to consumption.

定量分析发现：首先，整体而言，我国股市不存在财富效应，股市对我国居民消费是一种替代效应。

youdao

The first possible effect is the replacement of one disease by another.

ECONOMIST: Plagued by cures

In effect, each agency may be in a different stage of technology replacement.

WHITEHOUSE: Testimony of Karen Evans