Attitudes to hygiene in the West have evolved not only with modern medicine and microbiology.

西方对保健学的态度不仅与现代医学还和微生物学的演变有关。

youdao

Louis Pasteur established the modern era of food microbiology in 1857, when BE showed that microorganisms cause milk spoilage.

路易斯·巴斯德在1857年开创了现代食品微生物学时代，当时他证实了微生物能导致奶的变质。

youdao

Modern molecular biotechnology which is developed recently, has avoided these shortages and play an increasingly important role in the study of environmental microbiology.

现代分子生物学技术以其独特的优势在环境微生物的研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

youdao

Modern microbiology has determined that tiny organisms can derive energy by feeding on rocks.

CNN: NASA: Yes, Mars could have hosted life