But when Rome collapsed in the fifth century and the Middle Ages began, direct trade of spices stopped, and so did that kind of hands-on knowledge of travel and geography.

但到了5世纪，罗马帝国崩塌了，中世纪开始了，香料直接贸易停止了，所以人们对于香料的运输和来源地的直接认识也就中断了。

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These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility.

如果这些学生想把学位作为进入中产阶级的垫脚石，那么他们需要在大学期间积累技能和知识。

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She has made closing the Middle East's "knowledge divide" -- the gap in knowledge that has grown as a result of people in richer countries having more access to computers, the Internet and education than those in poorer countries -- a top priority over the next few years in the hope that it will unlock the economic potential of the region's population.

CNN: Queen Rania most inspirational leader of 2008

She said Sesame was "a modern technology which will help people around the Middle East to develop and improve their knowledge".

BBC: Sesame synchrotron is a flash of unity in Middle East

But when it comes middle management, disillusioned with theory but still thirsty for knowledge, guidance and the support of a peer network, it could provide the reengagement and revitalisation the corporate world so badly needs.

FORBES: The Middle Management Crunch