PrefaceIn the clinical practice and animal experiments of esophageal surgery , ER is usually used to deal with esophageal disease.
在食管外科的临床实践和动物实验中，对于食管疾病，常常需要食管替代术治疗。
Long-term follow-up by regular endoscopy is necessary in patients after esophageal surgery to screen for cancer in the reconstructed gastric tube.
长期的后续行动是必要的经常性内窥镜在食管癌手术后病人来检查癌症的重建胃管。
Methods NLA was carried out in 972 cases, including direct laryngoscopic operation in 574 patients, esophageal surgery in 143 patients, middle ear- mastoid operation in 255 patients.
方法对574例直达喉镜、143例食道镜、255例中耳-乳突手术行安定镇痛剂辅助麻醉。结果所有972例手术麻醉效果良好，尤麻醉意外和手术并发症。
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