These supernovae, called Type 1a, serve as cosmic mile markers to measure expansion of the universe because they can be seen at large distances, and they follow a reliable pattern of brightness.

这类名为Ia型的超新星爆发由于可以在很远的距离上被观测到，并且亮度遵循可靠的模式，它们被当成测量宇宙膨胀的里程计。

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By the late 1980s, a suitable standard candle had been indentified: type Ia supernovae.

到上世纪八十年代末，一个合适的标准烛光出现了，它就是Ia型超新星。

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Type Ia supernovae are so luminous that they outshine their host galaxies for several weeks.

Ia型超新星如此之亮，以至于在几个星期内它的寄主星系的光芒也相形见绌。

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Their goal was to measure distant Type 1a supernovae - the brilliant ends of a particular kind of dense star known as a white dwarf.

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Standard Type Ia supernovae are binary systems in which a white dwarf star draws so much matter from its companion (often a red giant) that it undergoes a kind of energy overload and detonates.

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