He points out that it is possible to identify specific factors as the primary causes of a particular historical event only relative to an initial set of background conditions.

他指出，只有相对于初始的背景条件，才有可能将特定因素确定为特定历史事件的主要原因。

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Tools and techniques - specific interventions that we make at particular points for particular outcomes.

为了达到特定目标，我们需要在特定的点上采用特定的干预措施。

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GMR arises because each electron carries a spin that points in a specific direction.

巨磁电阻的产生是因为每一个电子带有一个特定方向的自旋。

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And so one of the points I want to make here, on this slide, is that this is a very disease-specific thing.

在幻灯片上我想强调的一个重点是,疫苗是有疾病特异性的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Before getting into specific points I would like to reiterate that my argument is based on a conclusion that is supported by the academic literature: a shift from a domestic economy to a global economy has played a significant role in the decline of unionization.

FORBES: Yes, Unions Need Reinventing

It also gave 10 points to companies that use specific language about a desire for diversity in their director nominating guidelines.

FORBES: The Best and Worst Companies For Women And Minorities

Their respective roles must be defined and documented along with the specific rules of engagement and hand-off points that guide their collaborative relationship.

FORBES: Three Steps to Alignment