Through off-line simulation, hardware-in-the-loop test and road test, the control algorithm is debugged and the control parameters are calibrated.

通过离线仿真、硬件在环试验以及道路试验调试控制算法，标定控制参数。

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In his presentation, Teso explained that he experimented on used FMS hardware he bought from eBay and FMS training simulation software that was advertised as containing some or all of the same code as the systems in real planes.

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As it turned out, conducting the evolution in hardware produced some results that could not have emerged through mere simulation.

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