"We would have needed to boost our capital base anyway because our shareholders' equity ratio is low," Mr Tsunakawa said.

“我们无论如何都不得不增强我们的资本基础，因为我们的股东权益比率偏低，”岗川智表示。

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Equity concentration ratio CR5 which is the sum of shares of the leading five shareholders and corporate performance present an inverse-U shape.

农业样本上市公司前五大股东持股比例总和CR5所代表的股权集中度与公司绩效呈现倒U型特征；

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Ownership structure refers to the shareholders of the company and various types of shareholders equity ratio, the centralized or decentralized stake degree.

股权结构是指公司股东的类型及各类股东的持股比例、股权的集中或分散程度等。

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Ssangyong Oil Refining, the biggest shareholder in Ssangyong Motor, boasts shareholders' equity of 1.1 trillion won and a capital-reserve ratio of 385%.

ECONOMIST: Strategic alliances

In another measure, the ratio of price to tangible book value (shareholders' equity minus intangibles like goodwill), Citi is close to typical at 3.6.

FORBES: Magazine Article

But if banks have months to reach their target, they can avoid raising new equity, which would dilute their shareholders' stakes, and instead move to the required ratio by shrinking their balance-sheets.

ECONOMIST: Economic crisis