To mitigate that risk, these countries eschew short-term debt and keep debt ratios low; some build up huge war chests of foreign currency.

为了缓和这一风险，这些国家避开短期债务并保持低负债率，其中有些国家筹备巨额的外币款项。

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ONE consequence of the deepest recession since the Depression has been the biggest peacetime build-up of public debt the rich world has ever seen.

这次自大萧条以来最严重的衰退导致的其中一个后果是，累积了和平时期最大的公共债务，而这是发达国家从未有过的。

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Alongside a rapid build-up of debt by some households there has been an increase in cash deposits by others (see right-hand chart).

一些家庭债务快速增加的另一面是其他家庭储蓄的增加(见右表)。

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For instance, a stockmarket bubble typically encourages a build-up of debt.

ECONOMIST: Central banks, all a-quiver | The

In the US the ability to sell to accumulating central banks in emerging markets means that they can borrow more than they otherwise could have and this helped finance the deficits and build up of US debt, says Booth.

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Officials at the European Central Bank, the Bank of England, the Reserve Bank of Australia and the Bank for International Settlements (the central banks' central bank) have given some support to the view that monetary policy should sometimes lean against a rapid growth in asset prices and build-up of debt, even if consumer-price inflation is low.

ECONOMIST: The American economy