Key challenges on CMOS scaling down into nanometer regime are discussed, such as power supply and threshold voltage, short-channel effect, quantum effect, random doping distribution and wire delay.

本论文着重论述未来CMOS进入纳米尺寸的关键挑战，如：电源电压和阈值电压减小、短沟效应、量子效应、杂质数起伏以及互连线延迟等影响。

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Nano material performances can remarkably improve the physical properties and performances of the refractory material due to its surface effect, quantum size effect and tunnelling effect.

纳米材料由于具有表面效应、量子尺寸效应和隧道效应，以添加剂的形式加入耐火材料中，可显著提高耐火材料物理性能和使用性能。

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Compared with bulk materials, nanoscaled materials have many unique properties, such as small size effect, surface and boundary effect, quantum size effect and so on.

与块体材料相比，纳米材料具有很多独特的性质，如小尺寸效应、表面与界面效应、量子尺寸效应等。

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But Dr Turin believes that the way smell molecules wiggle and vibrate is responsible - thanks to the quantum effect called tunnelling.

BBC: Perfume chemist

The Sommerfeld effect, a quantum-mechanical process that makes particles more likely to interact with one another in some circumstances and less likely in others, is mostly ignored in particle physics because it applies only in a limited range of conditions.

ECONOMIST: Two new ways to detect the elusive stuff of the universe

Nonetheless, among the greatest sceptics of quantum-effect devices are some of their inventors.

ECONOMIST: The transistor��s heir