In these trials, people are randomly assigned to a "treatment" group, which benefits from the project, and a "control" group, which does not.

在这些试验中，人们被随机地分配到一个“处理”小组，这个小组能够从项目中获益，而另一个“控制”小组则不能。

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These trials have covered different USES, such as hot zones for Internet access, smart grid, water quality control and healthcare applications.

这些试验涵盖多种不同的应用，如：互联网热点接入，智能电网，水质量控制和医疗应用。

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Otherwise, statisticians say only strict clinical trials with a control group and a test group and one variable can truly prove a cause-and-effect association.

否则，统计学家表示只有进行严格的临床试验，对比一个控制组、一个测试组以及一个变量，才能真正证明因果关系。

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Karlan, Appel, Duflo and Banerjee tackle that question through randomized control trials (RCTs).

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While high-end evaluation methods like randomized control trials (RCTs) are the surest means of determining what interventions in fact cause certain outcomes, they are also time-consuming and costly and beyond the means of many, if not most, mainstream nonprofits.

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These are the gold standard randomized control trials or intervention studies, in which a control group consuming soda is monitored for weight gain over time against a group which stops drinking soda (and all other dietary and lifestyle factors are controlled for).

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