The consumption effect of the interest rise depends on the substitution effect and the income effect.

利率上升的消费效用取决于利率上升的替代效应和收入效应的作用之和。

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According to whether the householder is retired, the object sample was divided into two group to separately study their consumption effect factors.

研究对象被划分为工作者家庭和退休者家庭两个样本，分别对其消费影响因素进行了研究。

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There was no effect on average household consumption, at least within a year to 18 months of the experiment.

至少在18个月至一年的实验中尚未发现小额贷款对家庭平均消费的作用。

youdao

And because nobody makes money just for the mere sake of making money, a consumption first policy is simply trading consumption in the future with compounded effect for consumption today with compounded debt.

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Equally important, it is not clear how much of an effect a one-off rebate will have on consumption, or how quickly that effect will come through.

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Lower consumption nowadays has an effect of making people feel good about environment consciousness.

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