While it is charging, a voltage comparator constantly compares the voltage across the capacitor to a reference voltage.

当充电时，一个电压比较器就不断地将通过电容器的电压和一个参照电压进行比较。

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This percentage is determined by first charging the capacitor to the rated voltage for a specified time interval, then discharging it for a second time interval.

确定这个百分比的方法是：在一个规定的时间间隔内将电容器充电至某一额定电压，然后在第二个时间间隔内使电容器放电。

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Vref:This is the reference output. It provides charging current for capacitor CT through resistor RT.

这是参考输出。它提供了电容CT充电电流通过电阻RT。

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"Esha Khare, 18, of Saratoga, California has received the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award for developing a fast-charging super-capacitor that fits inside a cell phone, charges the battery in under a minute, and holds it for long, " the paper adds.

BBC: Indian media: Ties with Beijing