第二,他们都是后验的(a posteriori)的,有别于“奶茶妹妹就是奶茶妹妹”这样的先验命题。后验和先验(a priori)是认识论的概念,关乎我们如何知道命题的真假。
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同样,她的设备也只能选取一种模式进行发送,由于信息是后验的,她并不能确定其送给“鲍勃”的光子极性是否正确。
But her equipment, too, must be set to one mode or the other, and she cannot be certain that the polarity of the photon she sends to Bob is correct.
正确的公式化表达,通常上并不是如同原始的公式表达一样简单基本,它的重点在于只能看到当问题得到最终解决时的后验结果。
A correct formulation is, usually, not as transparant and elementary as the original one – its significance is seen only a posteriori when the problem is eventually solved.
采用最大似然估计或最大后验概率准则,用估计值来取代前面等式中的真实值。
Either the maximum likelihood estimate or the maximum a posteriori estimate may be used in place of the exact value in the above equations.
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