模型认为发行抑价是在保证发行成功的前提下使得发行人与承销商都能最大化自身利益的一种均衡状态;
The model had reached an inclusion that with the assurance of the issuing success, underpricing is equilibrium when both of the issuer and the underwriter maximize their interests.
软件库中很多最近版本的apt,需要经过GPG签名的版本文件,这样可以保证发行版的集成度,所以我们的第一步就是创建一个GPG Key。
More recent versions of apt require GPG signed release files in a repository to ensure the integrity of the distribution, so our first step is to create a GPG key.
然而,发行本币债券的国家,却能够保证一直都有充足的现金,因为它们总是能够迫使中央银行创造出货币。
States which issue their own bonds, however, can guarantee that the cash will always be available, because they can always force the central bank to create the money.
who were also issuing notes would leave their would keep a deposit with the Bank of England.
同时也在发行纸币的银行,要向英格兰银行付保证金。
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