• 1. topdown: 盖挖逆作法
• 2. topdown construction method: 逆作法
• 3. topdown approachh: 由上而下取向

更多释义

• 1.Before, many teaching methods were used in English listening class, such as bottom-up or topdown, but the effect was not ideal.
  以往，英语听力课教学虽采用了很多方法，如“自下而上”或“自上而下”的方法，但效果并不理想。
  dict.yoduao.com
• 2.The application of dual-purpose pile in topdown construction can not only save costs, but also make the mechanic condition of substructure walls more rational.
  在盖挖逆作法施工中采用“一桩两用”技术，不仅可节约大量费用，而且使地下结构的外墙的受力状态更为合理。
  dict.yoduao.com
• 3.On analysis of the principle and application mode of des, a des module which fits for embedded security system such as IC card is realized by topdown design methods.
  在详细分析DES的基本原理和应用模式的基础上，结合DES硬件实现的特点，采用正向设计的方法实现了适用于IC卡等有嵌入式安全需要的系统中的DES模块。
  dict.yoduao.com

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