Before, many teaching methods were used in English listening class, such as bottom-up or topdown, but the effect was not ideal.

以往，英语听力课教学虽采用了很多方法，如“自下而上”或“自上而下”的方法，但效果并不理想。

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The application of dual-purpose pile in topdown construction can not only save costs, but also make the mechanic condition of substructure walls more rational.

在盖挖逆作法施工中采用“一桩两用”技术，不仅可节约大量费用，而且使地下结构的外墙的受力状态更为合理。

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On analysis of the principle and application mode of des, a des module which fits for embedded security system such as IC card is realized by topdown design methods.

在详细分析DES的基本原理和应用模式的基础上，结合DES硬件实现的特点，采用正向设计的方法实现了适用于IC卡等有嵌入式安全需要的系统中的DES模块。

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If this (topdown) manufacturing process is to be based on the most modern forms of deposition (including epitaxy), e-beam or ultra-deep UV lithography and precision etching, the mainstay of microelectronics and optoelectronics fabrication, then there are strict limits described below for which one-off fabrication is possible, but manufacture is not.

FORBES: Are There Physical Limits to Nanotechnology?