在每个轨道内，天体之间的碰撞产生了巨大的热量和能量。
Within each orbit, collisions between planetesimals generated immense heat and energy.
碰撞假说的一个问题是，以这种方式形成的卫星是如何在月球现在的近乎圆形的轨道上运行的。
One problem with the collision hypothesis is the question of how a satellite formed in this way could have settled into the nearly circular orbit that the Moon has today.
灶神星和许多更小的小行星共同具有这种特征谱。这些更小行星的轨道表明它们是那次碰撞中剥落下来的，而其中大约5%的陨石落到了地球上。
It shares this with a number of smaller asteroids whose orbits suggest they were spalled off in the collision, and with about 5% of the meteorites which fall to Earth.
一旦发现某个星体构成与地球或月球碰撞的威胁，月球制造的宇宙火箭即使其改变轨道以解除威胁。
Those objects that once presented a threat of collision with the Earth or the Moon will have had their orbits altered by Moon-constructed spacecraft.
一开始你可能不会这样认为，因为太阳系里和彗星发生过碰撞的行星都比火星还远，在那样的轨道上水永远是以冰的形式存在。
On first blush, you might think not: the planet where the comet or comets came to grief is farther out than Mars, in an orbit where water would be permanently frozen.
在这种情况下，每一次碰撞会产生新的碎片，引发更多产生碎片的碰撞，直到低地球轨道出现无可救药的堵塞，航天器甚至卫星均无法使用。
In that scenario, each collision would generate new debris, causing more debris-generating collisions, until low Earth orbit becomes hopelessly clogged and unusable by spacecraft or even satellites.
其中一架将尝试把一个小行星推出其运行轨道，另一架将收集关于碰撞效果的有效数据。
One will attempt to push the asteroid off its course while the second will collect valuable data from the impact.
这意味着他们不但处于不同的高度，轨道也有约10度的交角，没有碰撞的危险。
This means that not only were they at different altitudes but also their orbits intersected at about a 10-degree Angle. There was no danger of collision.
研究学者认为，我们的月球是在一个巨大如火星的物体撞击地球时形成的，碰撞产生圆形的碎屑沿着地球轨道飞行。
Researchers believe that our moon was created when a giant object the size of Mars hit the early Earth, sending out a disc of debris orbiting our planet.
据该报告作者所称，轨道中的碎片越多，碰撞产生更多垃圾碎片的可能性就越高，这将进一步增加更多碰撞的机会。
The more debris that is in orbit, the greater the chance of collisions that create more pieces of junk, which further increases the chance of still more collisions.
新地球将比金星大一点，碰撞之后，太阳系就会恢复正常，而地球的轨道不会受到影响。
The new planet would be a little bit bigger than Venus, and the Solar System would be a little more regular after the collision, but the Earth's orbit would not be affected.
这包括运行轨道要高于或低于现有铁路以避免平交道，与其他区域隔离以免与行人、动物、公路车辆碰撞。
This includes running tracks above or below roadways to avoid railroad crossings and fencing off areas to avoid collisions with animals, people and road vehicles.
这就是说，现在在轨道上的残骸的数量已经到达了一个数值，然后它们就会慢慢开始自己相互碰撞，这样就会产生新的碎片。
That is, the amount of debris... Currently in orbit has reached a threshold where it will continually collide with itself, further increasing the population of orbital debris.
一个大小与火星相当，轨道可能与地球轨道交叉的行星，最终与地球发生了碰撞。
One planet, about the size of Mars, probably had an orbit which crosses Earth's, and eventually a collision occurred.
微粒形成团块，团块之间相互碰撞，周而复始直到给定轨道上的所有物质集中成一个物体——行星。
Specks form into clumps, these collide with other clumps, and the process continues until all the matter in any given orbit is concentrated into one object—a planet.
随着越来越多的卫星被送入轨道，让它们避免碰到碎片或相互碰撞的难度也越来越大。
As more and more satellites are blasted into orbit, the challenges of keeping them from hitting debris or each other are growing.
去年甚至还发生了两颗卫星相撞的事件，碰撞所产生的碎片散布在整个轨道上，更增加了其他航天器的运行风险。
Last year, two satellites even collided, showering their orbit with tiny fragments that now pose additional risk to operational spacecraft.
一些更小的行星也具有这样的光谱，从它们运行的轨道来看，它们是灶神星在碰撞中的脱落物，拥有的陨石数量约是落到地球表面陨石数量的5%。
It shares this with a number of smaller asteroids whose orbits suggest they were spalled off in the collision, and with about 5% of the meteorites which fall to Earth.
但是仍旧有成千上万颗小行星，它们的轨道是要与地球碰撞的。
But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.
现在约有2万间太空垃圾在地球低轨道运行，其中大部分是航天器的分离部分或者碰撞残骸。
Some 20,000 pieces of rubbish are currently being monitored in low-Earth orbit, the majority of which are discarded bits of spacecraft or debris from collisions.
目前，科学家们正在对近地轨道上的两万块太空垃圾进行检测，其中的绝大多数来自于碰撞的残骸或太空飞船的废弃物。
Some 20, 000 pieces of rubbish are currently being monitored in low-Earth orbit, the majority of which are discarded bits of spacecraft or debris from collisions.
在过去的半个世纪中，近地轨道已经变得杂乱无章、布满残骸，航天部门和科学家们警告说卫星和载人太空船遭遇碰撞的危险越来越大。
Over the last half-century, low Earth orbit has become so littered with debris that space agencies and scientists warn of the increasing danger of collisions for satellites and manned spacecraft.
更糟糕的是，每一次类似的碰撞都会制造出一大堆碎片，有可能引发导致低地轨道不可使用的连锁碰撞反应。
Worse, each strike like that creates a cloud of shrapnel, potentially setting off a chain reaction of collisions that could render low orbit unusable.
碰撞一旦结束，轨道就恢复到正常的形状，而电子必须吸收能量才能保持在新的高轨道上。
Once the collision is over, the orbits return to their normal shape, and electrons have to absorb energy to stay in the new higher orbit.
如果那是真的话，那就意味着在稳定的太阳系中的行星很有可能脱出轨道，发生碰撞。
So if that's true, then it means that it's possible for planets in a stable solar system to somehow get off track and run into each other.
如果那是真的话，那就意味着在稳定的太阳系中的行星很有可能脱出轨道，发生碰撞。
So if that's true, then it means that it's possible for planets in a stable solar system to somehow get off track and run into each other.
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