红矮星和褐矮星比我们的太阳更小、更冷，且不会发出明亮的光芒。
Red and brown dwarfs are smaller and cooler than our Sun and do not shine brightly.
当一颗白矮星以这种方式增长到足够的质量时，它将达到钱德拉·塞卡极限。
When a White Dwarf takes on enough mass in this manner, it reaches a level called the chandrasekhar limit.
而红矮星，可以燃烧成百上千亿年。
Red dwarfs, meanwhile, burn for hundreds of billions of years.
成百上千个褐矮星仍等待着确认身份。
Hundreds of possible brown dwarfs are out there awaiting confirmation.
它绕着一颗红矮星运行。
目前白矮星的理论模型不能模拟这种行为。
Our current theoretical models of white dwarfs don't predict this sort of behavior.
有一类白矮星的大气层几乎完全由纯氦气构成。
One class of white dwarfs has almost pure helium atmospheres.
格利泽581是一颗红矮星距离地球20.5光年。
这些夭折恒星(指棕矮星)的起源是个谜。
值得注意的是，褐矮星的大小却和木星相当。
Remarkably, brown dwarfs are roughly the size of the planet Jupiter.
棕矮星是一种气体球，它们的质量仅是木星的几十倍。
Brown dwarfs are balls of gas whose mass is generally dozens of times that of Jupiter.
红矮星是一种重量只有我们太阳10-20%的恒星。
Red dwarfs are stars that are only 10-20 percent as massive as our sun.
矮星系也许比螺旋状星系含有更多的暗物质。
The dwarf galaxies may have even a higher amount of dark matter than spiral galaxies.
这部小说像一个白矮星，通篇篇幅大却又缜密。
即便是对于红矮星而言，这可能也太近了，生命无法居住。
Even for a red dwarf star, this is probably too close to be habitable.
有可能，他说，强烈的吸收信号并不表明矮星的大量存在。
It's possible, he notes, that the strong absorption signals don't indicate a very large population of the dwarfs.
一些“希克森紧致星群31 ”的矮星群正在缓慢的聚合。
Several of the dwarf galaxies in the Hickson Compact Group 31 are slowly merging.
白矮星的质量只有以前的一半，体积很小，因此非常致密。
A White Dwarf retains about half of its mass but becomes incredibly dense because of its small size.
相对的，它们最终只是会变冷成为白矮星和黑矮星。
Instead, they should eventually just cool to become white dwarfs and then black dwarves.
不过并不是所有的白矮星都有耐性等上无数个千年。
But not all white dwarfs will spend many millennia cooling their heels.
很早之前就预言了这些矮星的存在，但最近才在太空中发现它们。
These dwarfs had long been predicted to exist, but they have only recently been spotted in space.
这类白矮星中有着重元素痕迹者，大多也会有氢的痕迹。
Among this group, most of those with traces of heavy elements also have traces of hydrogen.
这张是褐矮星相对地球、木星、低质量恒星和太阳的对比图。
This diagram shows a brown dwarf in relation to Earth, Jupiter, a low-mass star and the sun.
白矮星是恒星的残余，已经开始降温了，我们的太阳就是如此。
White dwarves are the remnants of stars like our sun that start to cool.
寻找围绕红矮星运转的行星则相对容易，因为恒星的体积较小。
Looking for planets orbiting red dwarfs is easier because the stars are less massive.
而白矮星则是将其曾用作核燃料的所有氢原子都燃烧殆尽的恒星。
White dwarfs are stars that have burned up all of the hydrogen they once used as nuclear fuel.
而白矮星则是将其曾用作核燃料的所有氢原子都燃烧殆尽的恒星。
White dwarfs are stars that have burned up all of the hydrogen they once used as nuclear fuel.
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