红矮星和褐矮星比我们的太阳更小、更冷，且不会发出明亮的光芒。
Red and brown dwarfs are smaller and cooler than our Sun and do not shine brightly.
当一颗白矮星以这种方式增长到足够的质量时，它将达到钱德拉·塞卡极限。
When a White Dwarf takes on enough mass in this manner, it reaches a level called the chandrasekhar limit.
而红矮星，可以燃烧成百上千亿年。
Red dwarfs, meanwhile, burn for hundreds of billions of years.
成百上千个褐矮星仍等待着确认身份。
Hundreds of possible brown dwarfs are out there awaiting confirmation.
有一类白矮星的大气层几乎完全由纯氦气构成。
One class of white dwarfs has almost pure helium atmospheres.
矮星系也许比螺旋状星系含有更多的暗物质。
The dwarf galaxies may have even a higher amount of dark matter than spiral galaxies.
格利泽581是一颗红矮星距离地球20.5光年。
这些夭折恒星(指棕矮星)的起源是个谜。
问题在于矮星系并没有它们本应具有的冷暗物质的密度。
The problem is dwarf galaxies are not as dense as the cold dark matter model says they should be.
问题在于矮星系并没有它们本应具有的冷暗物质的密度。
The problem is that dwarf galaxies are not as dense as the cold dark matter model says they should be.
有可能，他说，强烈的吸收信号并不表明矮星的大量存在。
It's possible, he notes, that the strong absorption signals don't indicate a very large population of the dwarfs.
白矮星的质量只有以前的一半，体积很小，因此非常致密。
A White Dwarf retains about half of its mass but becomes incredibly dense because of its small size.
两组研究了环绕银河系的矮星系中的暗物质放射的伽马射线。
Both groups searched for the gamma-ray glow from dark matter in dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way.
而且研究人员发现，这些星系的红矮星数量比银河多20倍。
And they discovered that these galaxies were home to 20 times as many red dwarfs as there are in the Milky Way.
这类白矮星中有着重元素痕迹者，大多也会有氢的痕迹。
Among this group, most of those with traces of heavy elements also have traces of hydrogen.
GD 362是颗白矮星，距离地球150光年，也在银河系。
The star was a White Dwarf called GD 362, and it's 150 light years from Earth, still within our galaxy.
很早之前就预言了这些矮星的存在，但最近才在太空中发现它们。
These dwarfs had long been predicted to exist, but they have only recently been spotted in space.
估算白矮星冷却的时间长度有助于天文学家深入研究宇宙的年龄。
Estimating how long white dwarfs have been cooling can help astronomers learn much about the age of the universe.
在图中央偏左处的明亮扭曲天体实际上是两个相互碰撞的矮星系。
The bright, distorted object at middle, left, is actually two colliding dwarf galaxies.
这张是褐矮星相对地球、木星、低质量恒星和太阳的对比图。
This diagram shows a brown dwarf in relation to Earth, Jupiter, a low-mass star and the sun.
而白矮星则是将其曾用作核燃料的所有氢原子都燃烧殆尽的恒星。
White dwarfs are stars that have burned up all of the hydrogen they once used as nuclear fuel.
不仅如此，若项目设计精妙，它可能也能访问附近的红矮星比邻星。
Moreover, given ingenious mission design, it might be possible to visit the nearby red dwarf star Proxima Centauri as well.
第一颗目标恒星是武仙星群中一颗称为GD358的白矮星。
The primary target is a White Dwarf star known as GD358 in the constellation Hercules.
事实上红矮星也很常见，天文学家认为它们是星系中最常见的星体。
Red dwarfs are also common -in fact, astronomers say they are the most common type of star in the galaxy.
而最好的消息则是，WISE日前发现了一颗被标记为Y型的褐矮星。
But the best news is that WISE has found a record-breaking Y-class dwarf.
事实上红矮星也很常见，天文学家认为它们是星系中最常见的星体。
Red dwarfs are also common - in fact, astronomers say they are the most common type of star in the galaxy.
相反，来自双白矮星并合的超新星产生的X射线辐射要比吸积少很多。
A supernova from a merger of two white dwarfs, on the other hand, would create significantly less X-ray emission than the accretion scenario.
研究人员在一些细节上有所不同，但他们的共识是这可能是一颗褐矮星。
Researchers differ in some details, but the consensus is that this is probably a brown dwarf.
太阳在50亿年后也将变成白矮星，届时将摧毁水星、金星甚至地球。
Our sun should become a White Dwarf in about five billion years. The process will destroy Mercury, Venus and possibly Earth.
太阳在50亿年后也将变成白矮星，届时将摧毁水星、金星甚至地球。
Our sun should become a White Dwarf in about five billion years. The process will destroy Mercury, Venus and possibly Earth.
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