对尼安德特人DNA进行测序的团队一直面临着这些问题。
The team which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA continually faces these problems.
测序是一种技术，它是从具有明确特征的基因组提取的一个或多个短基因序列，并通过DNA分析来识别一个物种。
Barcoding is a technique in which one or more short gene sequences, taken from a well-characterized portion of the genome, are used to identify a species through DNA analysis.
在不知道氨基酸团块的情况下进行从头测序是很新奇的。
Performing de novo sequencing without knowing amino acid masses is very novel.
截叶苜蓿是继拟南芥和水稻之后第三种完全对其基因组进行测序的植物。
Medicago truncatula is the third plant to have its genome completely sequenced after Arabidopsis and rice.
每单位的DNA测序成本也非常高。
有无限多的事物可以拿来测序。
这会比核酸外切酶测序法快得多。
正在进行基因测序以确定病毒的起源。
Genetic sequencing is ongoing to determine the origin of the virus.
此外，购买和操作测序仪器的花费还很高。
Moreover, the cost of buying and operating the sequencing equipment is high.
如果是全基因组测序他们会得到更多的信息。
They might learn more if they had their entire genome sequenced.
研究人员2003年完成了人类基因组测序。
“我确实认为测序将等于在医学成像，”他说。
"I do think sequencing will be equal to imaging in medicine," he said.
目前正在进行其它实验室分析，包括基因测序。
Additional laboratory analysis, including gene sequencing, is ongoing.
它有可能极大地加快基因测序的速度和普及程度。
It has the potential to greatly accelerate and democratize gene sequencing.
遗传学测序依赖于从样本中提取DNA以进行扩增。
Genetic sequencing relies on extracting DNA from samples to amplify.
人类基因序列测序工作直到2003年菜正式完成。
The human genome's sequencing wasn't formally completed until 2003.
由于费用昂贵，目前仅有七个个体基因组完成全测序。
Because of the expense, so far only seven individuals' genomes have been fully sequenced.
测序样本只需要一，相较于许多大型的机器天两个小时。
Sequencing a sample takes only an hour or two, compared with days on many larger machines.
“DNA晶体管”能够使个体全基因组测序更快更省钱。
The “DNA transistor” could make it faster and cheaper to sequence individuals’ complete genomes.
他意识到这可能会是一种新的DNA测序技术。
他说当全基因组测序到来之后，单基因的专利将毫无用处。
He says that when whole-genome sequencing arrives, single-gene patents will be of no use.
他们意识到这样可以引申出一条新的测序dna的途径来。
This, they realised, might lead to a new way to sequence DNA.
这两个结果是采用石墨烯进行DNA测序研究的重大进展。
Both of these are important advancements towards using graphene for DNA sequencing, "he says."
开发一种基于微流体的新的潜在更便宜的测序技术已经启动。
A startup is developing a new and potentially much cheaper sequencing technology based on microfluidics.
纳米孔测序还可以应付更长的链，这也将帮助加速这项工作。
Nanopore sequencing can cope with much longer strands, which should help speed things up.
研究中使用的测序方法允许科学家们同时测定上百万组基因序列。
The sequencing process used allows scientists to create up to millions of sequences at the same time.
在用测序仪对DNA测序前要对其进行复制和荧光标记。
For DNA, copies of the DNA to be sequenced are made and labeled with fluorescent markers before they are identified using a sequencing machine.
在用测序仪对DNA测序前要对其进行复制和荧光标记。
For DNA, copies of the DNA to be sequenced are made and labeled with fluorescent markers before they are identified using a sequencing machine.
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