对尼安德特人DNA进行测序的团队一直面临着这些问题。
The team which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA continually faces these problems.
测序是一种技术，它是从具有明确特征的基因组提取的一个或多个短基因序列，并通过DNA分析来识别一个物种。
Barcoding is a technique in which one or more short gene sequences, taken from a well-characterized portion of the genome, are used to identify a species through DNA analysis.
在不知道氨基酸团块的情况下进行从头测序是很新奇的。
Performing de novo sequencing without knowing amino acid masses is very novel.
截叶苜蓿是继拟南芥和水稻之后第三种完全对其基因组进行测序的植物。
Medicago truncatula is the third plant to have its genome completely sequenced after Arabidopsis and rice.
有无限多的事物可以拿来测序。
这会比核酸外切酶测序法快得多。
研究人员2003年完成了人类基因组测序。
目前正在进行其它实验室分析，包括基因测序。
Additional laboratory analysis, including gene sequencing, is ongoing.
它有可能极大地加快基因测序的速度和普及程度。
It has the potential to greatly accelerate and democratize gene sequencing.
遗传学测序依赖于从样本中提取DNA以进行扩增。
Genetic sequencing relies on extracting DNA from samples to amplify.
人类基因序列测序工作直到2003年菜正式完成。
The human genome's sequencing wasn't formally completed until 2003.
由于费用昂贵，目前仅有七个个体基因组完成全测序。
Because of the expense, so far only seven individuals' genomes have been fully sequenced.
测序样本只需要一，相较于许多大型的机器天两个小时。
Sequencing a sample takes only an hour or two, compared with days on many larger machines.
“DNA晶体管”能够使个体全基因组测序更快更省钱。
The “DNA transistor” could make it faster and cheaper to sequence individuals’ complete genomes.
在过去的23年，DNA测序的费用降低了8个数量级。
Over the past 23 years, the cost of DNA sequencing has dropped 8 orders of magnitude.
他说当全基因组测序到来之后，单基因的专利将毫无用处。
He says that when whole-genome sequencing arrives, single-gene patents will be of no use.
这两个结果是采用石墨烯进行DNA测序研究的重大进展。
Both of these are important advancements towards using graphene for DNA sequencing, "he says."
开发一种基于微流体的新的潜在更便宜的测序技术已经启动。
A startup is developing a new and potentially much cheaper sequencing technology based on microfluidics.
纳米孔测序还可以应付更长的链，这也将帮助加速这项工作。
Nanopore sequencing can cope with much longer strands, which should help speed things up.
这让不断增加的外显子组测序所鉴定的疾病列表又增加了一项。
This adds to the now growing list of disease disorders that have been identified by exome sequencing.
研究中使用的测序方法允许科学家们同时测定上百万组基因序列。
The sequencing process used allows scientists to create up to millions of sequences at the same time.
没有测序仪的功劳，我们没法做出这个药物“，hirth说。”
"We would not have this drug now without the sequencing efforts," Hirth says.
下一步将是测序部分候选基因，以找出长寿相关的变异。
The next step will be to sequence some of the candidate genes in order to figure out what the longevity-linked variants do.
在用测序仪对DNA测序前要对其进行复制和荧光标记。
For DNA, copies of the DNA to be sequenced are made and labeled with fluorescent markers before they are identified using a sequencing machine.
当全基因组测序变得更加普及且阐释清晰时，我们将开始使用那个。
When whole-genome sequencing becomes more affordable and the interpretation is clear, we will start using that.
而且现有的测序技术要把DNA破碎成少于100个碱基对的小片段。
Moreover, existing sequencing techniques involve breaking DNA into small chunks of less than 100 base pairs.
因为测序是容易出错的，科学家必须多次测序以生成一个精确的数据。
Because sequencing is prone to errors, scientist must sequence a number of times to generate an accurate read.
这项工作将继续对尼安德特人全基因组进行测序并校对其正确性。
The work continues to sequence the entire Neanderthal genome and to check that the sequence is correct.
这项工作将继续对尼安德特人全基因组进行测序并校对其正确性。
The work continues to sequence the entire Neanderthal genome and to check that the sequence is correct.
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