词语意义分为两个层面，所指意义和内涵意义。
There are two aspects of word meaning: referential meaning and connotative meaning.
在语义学中，词的概念意义是词义的核心，也就是所指意义。
In semantics, conceptual meaning (sense), also called referential meaning, is the core of meaning.
由于内涵意义的特殊性，内涵意义的可译性限度低于所指意义的可译性限度。
Due to its special feature, connotative meaning has a lower translatability than referential meaning.
语用意义可分为六类，即言外之力、隐含意义、修辞意义、所指意义、情感内涵及言外效果。
The subcategories of pragmatic meaning are: illocutionary force, implicate meaning, figurative meaning, reference, emotional tone, and perlocutionary effect.
正如耶鲁大学法学教授安妮·奥尔斯托特所指出的那样，要证明父母支持子女的合理性，就必须将家庭定义为一种社会公益，而在某种意义上，社会必须为此买单。
As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for.
除非我们对他人造成了影响，否则道德是毫无意义，无所指的。
Morality is surely meaningless unless it refers to the impact we have on other people.
换句话说，名字的意义必须是它所指代的东西之外的什么东西。 “圣诞老人”这个名字在即使没有那个幽默的老头时仍然有意义。
The meaning of a name must, in other words, be something other than the thing it refers to;then “Santa” can perhaps be meaningful even without the jolly old fellowhimself.
通配符在类型系统中具有重要的意义，它们为一个泛型类所指定的类型集合提供了一个有用的类型范围。
Wildcards play an important role in the type system; they provide a useful type bound for the family of types specified by a generic class.
它表示出服务客户和所指定服务之间的任意预期的有意义的协议或会话。
This denotes any meaningful protocol or conversation expected between a service consumer and the service being specified.
任何由调用转换的开发人员所指定的参数值可以通过简单的方法调用而获得，并转化为更有意义的东西，如MDAAPI参考。
Any parameter values specified by the developer invoking the transformation are obtained with simple method calls and are typically translated into something more meaningful, like MDA API references.
虽然从通常意义上讲，当一个人说到手肘的时候，他所指的常常是肘关节尖端的那一小部分，也就是手臂弯曲处的外侧。
In common parlance though, when someone mentions the elbow they usually mean the pointy bit; the outside of the arm bend.
如芝加哥Loyola大学的George Kaufman教授所指出的，这并不是真正意义上的市场约束，而是透明和公开制度。
As George Kaufman, professor of finance at Loyola University in Chicago, has pointed out, this is not really market discipline, but transparency and disclosure.
在一件事里你应当直接洞察它所指向的目的，而在另一件事里你应当仔细观察事物所表示的意义。
And in the one thou shouldst see immediately to what end it refers, but in the other watch carefully what is the thing signified.
听者只有很少的时间去思考每个词的精确意义，或者关系从句的组合方式，也难以推测出此代词所指的内容。
Listeners were left little time to think about the precise meaning of each word, or the way relative clauses are structured, or to what the pronoun might refer to.
因此，完全理解一个词汇，学生不仅需要知道这个词语所指的是什么，还需要知道它与相关意义区分的界限在哪。
To understand a word fully, therefore, a student must know not only what it refers to, but also where the boundaries are that separate it from words of related meaning.
通过特定语言和符号的演绎，PI把产品和品牌的价值转化为消费者所熟悉的特定所指，即意义。
By the given language and symbols, PI effectively transfer the value embodied to meanings familiar to consumers.
它的目的是根本性地重新思考建筑形式的意义，要超越建筑形式以往那种自我所指的陈词滥调以及对意图和活动的漠不关心。
Its purpose is to radically rethink the meaning of architectural form beyond the stereotypes of self-referentiality and indifference to intentions and programs.
就霍桑的作品作为能指的“意义”而言，按传统的解读，它必然有一个确定的“所指”或“中心意义”，比如他的作品表现人的原罪就是最典型的一种说法。
"Hawthorne's works", as a signifier, according to the traditional interpretation, must have a determinate signified or meaning, and "the original sin" presented in his works is a good case in point.
他说，“符号“的意义“，总是被理解和决定的，在符号这个意义上，能指指向所指，能指与它的所指不同。
He says: he signification "sign" has always been comprehended and determined, in its sense, as sign-of, signifier referring to a signified, signifier different from its signified.
象征：象征是指一种符号所指的意义超出了它的字面含义，换句话说，象征同时含有其字面意义和比喻义。
Symbol: a symbol is a sign which suggests more than its literal meaning. In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative.
如同罗伯·波顿所指出，这是痛苦的隐藏意义，真正的转化含有清醒的要素。
As Robert Earl Burton points out, this is the hidden meaning of suffering. True transformation has an awakening factor.
因此，城市及其所指便充满了多重的意义。
Thus the city and its signifiers are fraught with multiple meanings.
作者或叙述者使用的字句在意义上另有所指的表现，例如讽刺所使用的引号或斜体标示。
Contains a word or phrase for which the author or narrator indicates a disclaiming of responsibility, for example by the use of scare quotes or italics.
在城市现代性最盛行的所指当中，巨大的“现代”建筑在城市的意义当中扮演着非比寻常的作用，而城市也成为其代表。
Among the most prevalent signifiers of urban modernity, massive "modern" buildings play an extraordinary role in the signification of the city and all that, for which the city has come to stand.
除文意另有所指外，否则此申请表格中的字眼及辞句与契据或规则(视属何情况而定)所界定的字眼及辞句具有相同的意义。
Unless the context otherwise requires, words and expressions defined in the Deed or, as the case may be, the Rules have the same meanings in this Application Form.
这个方面所指的意义比前者更全面和深入，一般被视为一种创作方法。
The significance of this aspect is more comprehensive and in-depth than the former one, and it is commonly regarded as a creative measure.
交际语言教学法所指的交际是真实、有意义的和有任务的交际。
Research on the Methodology of Teaching Courteous Address in Japanese by Means of Linguistic Communication;
图像组合色彩和形体描述“像”这个确定的所指，以这个所指来充当能指指向意义；
A image, this signified is formed though colors and shapes in picture, and purports to be a meaning as a signifier.
图像组合色彩和形体描述“像”这个确定的所指，以这个所指来充当能指指向意义；
A image, this signified is formed though colors and shapes in picture, and purports to be a meaning as a signifier.
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