劳动市场上的保护政策以及工资刚性是充分就业与结构性失业并存的主要原因。
The protective policy of labor market and the wage rigidity are the key factors of the concomitance of full employment and structural unemployment.
企业的适应性优化行为和若干制度因素构成了工资刚性的基本要素，劳工市场的供求力量也是影响工资变动的重要因素。
A firm's adaptively optimal behavior, along with some institutional factors, accounts for sticky wages, modified by labor market demand and supply.
欧元区的劳动市场渐渐地变得比英国的更刚性，所以欧洲央行更需要担心会发生工资-物价螺旋上涨。
Labour markets in the euro area are generally more rigid than those in Britain, so the ECB has more reason to worry about a wage-price spiral.
退出欧元区不会解决疲软的产出增长和刚性工资等导致经济低竞争力的根源问题。
An exit from the euro would not tackle weak productivity growth and inflexible wages, which are the root causes of low competitiveness.
石油和小麦的价格会随着供求关系的变化而变化，但是工资是“刚性的”：即使当经济形势不好的时候，想要让降薪也是很困难的。
Oil and wheat prices may rise and fall instantaneously to reflect supply and demand, but wages are "sticky" : even when the economy goes bad, it takes a lot to make them fall.
这种临时性合约和刚性的工资制度一起影响着西班牙的生产效率。
The impact on Spain’s productivity is compounded by rigid wage rules.
但是正是使得有工作的人收益的因素——高效率和刚性工资——使得失业者的前景更加暗淡。
But the very factors that benefit people with jobs-higher productivity and sticky wages-make prospects bleaker for those without them.
过去几个月来，关于拉必须建立一个浮动汇率制度的呼声也减弱了，这一呼声是基于工资和物价是向下刚性（粘性）的。
The past few months have also weakened the argument that Latvia must have a flexible currency because wages and prices are "sticky" in a downward direction.
由于工资和价格的刚性，新凯恩斯模型中此过程所花费的时间要多于真实经济周期模型中花费的时间。
This process takes more time in the New Keynesian model than in the real business cycle model because of rigidities in wages and prices.
文章认为，凯恩斯在货币工资富有刚性的假设下，通过提高价格水平、降低实际工资，解决非自愿失业问题的理论，只能在短期有效。
The Keynesian theory deals with the involuntary unemployment under the hypothesis of wages rigidity, suggesting that raising price and reducing the real wages can only be valid in a short-term.
第二章曾经论述刚性的高实际工资会增加失业。
Chapter 2 argued that rigid and high real wages contribute to increases in unemployment.
第二章曾经论述刚性的高实际工资会增加失业。
Chapter 2 argued that rigid and high real wages contribute to increases in unemployment.
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