双语者心理词典的关系是双语研究的重要问题之一。
The relationship between bilingual mental lexicons is one of the important issues in bilingual research.
正是这一类的问题让双语研究变得理所当然，研究的工作方式就是它带你上路，然后你可以顺这这条路走。
It was these types of questions that naturally led to the bilingualism research. The way research works is, it takes you down a road. You then follow that road.
美国多伦多约克大学双语研究专家EllenBialystok博士说，“说两种语言并不能帮助你躲避阿尔兹海默症或痴呆症的子弹”。
"Speaking two languages isn't going to do anything to dodge the bullet" of getting Alzheimer's disease or dementia, says Ellen Bialystok, a bilingualism researcher at York University in Toronto.
加州大学河滨分校的教授朱迪思·克罗尔表示：“在过去20年左右的时间里，对双语的研究实际上出现了爆炸式增长。”
"In the last 20 years or so, there's been a virtual explosion of research on bilingualism," says Judith Kroll, a professor at the University of California, Riverside.
一项研究发现，在双语环境下成长的人和后天开始学习第二语言的人之间，大脑结构有相似的变化。
A study found that there are similar changes in brain structure between those who are bilingual from birth and those who start learning a second language later.
研究发现，在（学生）种族比例和（家庭）经济水平趋于平衡的双语课堂有助于孩子们适应社会和文化的多样性。
Ethnically and economically balanced bilingual classrooms are found to be helpful for kids to get used to social and cultural diversity.
一项研究表明，双语学生在英语阅读方面明显优于同龄人。
A study showed that dual-language students did significantly better than their peers in reading English texts.
研究人员现声称，双语教育的早期研究存在严重缺陷。
Researchers now claim that earlier research on bilingual education was seriously flawed.
一位研究人员称双语经历会对人的大脑产生终生的影响。
According to a researcher, dual-language experiences exert a lifelong influence on one's brain.
在与这些研究人员交谈时，一个引人注目的主题是，他们强烈提倡开设双语课堂。
One theme that was striking in speaking to all these researchers was just how strongly they advocated for dual-language classrooms.
相关研究发现，懂双语的人用一种语言说话时，另外那种语言也会在头脑中积极的运作。
When a bilingual person is speaking in one language, research shows that the other language is active in his or her mind.
一个新研究表明，双语能帮助抵御老年痴呆症长达四年之久。
Bilingualism, says one new study, helps ward off Alzheimer's for up to four years.
而六十年代研究的发现则恰恰相反，“双语者”比只懂一种语言的“单语者”得分更高。
Research in the sixties found the opposite. Bilingual people scored higher than monolinguals--people who speak only one language.
新的研究结果表明，使用双语能通过建立心理学家所说的“认知储备”来强化大脑。
New research shows bilingualism strengthens the brain, by building up what psychologists call the cognitive reserve.
新的研究揭示为什么儿童的大脑学习双语非常容易，科学家们希望发现的最终结论能帮助我们很轻松地学习一种新语言。
New research is showing just how children's brains can become bilingual so easily, findings that scientists hope eventually could help the rest of us learn a new language a bit easier.
研究表明，双语不但有利于小孩的学业，更能在心智上使之受益。
Bilingualism can benefit children not only academically, but psychologically, research has shown.
在一项后续的研究中，Bialystok博士和她的同事观察了年龄相同的处在同一阶段的单语和双语阿尔兹·海默症患者的脑部图像。
In a subsequent study, Dr. Bialystok and her colleagues looked at brain images of monolingual and bilingual Alzheimer's patients at the same age and stage of disease.
虽然Kiran还没有发表她在双语患者方面的研究，她的观察在她早期的出版文献和其它该类研究中已有所显现。
Although Kiran has not yet pub-lished a study on her bilingual patients, her observation is in line with her ear-lier, published papers and those of other researchers.
现在这项研究的重点是说双语的人脑部结构的不同。
Her research is now focusing on the structural differences in bilingual brains.
在发表于《科学》杂志的一项研究中，研究者们让36名婴儿观看三个英法双语者背诵句子的默片。
In a study published in the journal Science, researchers had 36 infants watch silent videos of three bilingual French-English speakers reciting sentences.
意大利研究学者奇怪为什么婴儿如此早获得这种能力，并在这个月报导在科学期刊上，双语像是能使脑细胞更加活跃。
Italian researchers wondered why there wasn't a delay, and reported this month in the journal Science that being bilingual seems to make the brain more flexible.
正因为如此，研究者们就可以更好的区分地域距离对于双语学习的影响了。
Thanks to this, researchers can better distinguish the effects in the brain that distance has between languages.
研究人员称，双语儿童能更好地区别单词含义，也更有可能结交不同文化背景的朋友。
Researchers say bilingual children are better able to separate a word from its meaning, and more likely to have friends from different cultures.
相关研究显示具备双语能力的孩子会更具有创意思维也比其他同龄孩子的脑部功能发达。
Research has shown that bilinguals tend to be more creative thinkers than those who speak one language, and one study suggests that their brain functions may stay sharper as they age.
我从未想过双语到底是好是坏，我的博士学位主修的是心理学，研究小孩如何学习语言，1976年我毕业的时候，那时在加拿大非常少的工作适合心理学方面的人才，我唯一能找到的职位是一个关于少儿语言学习的研究项目。
When I finished graduate school, in 1976, there was a job shortage in Canada for Ph.D.’s. The only position I found was with a research project studying second language acquisition in school children.
在2004年，Bialystock和同事FergusCraik把研究方向转移到三项关于认知效果的研究上，该项目的研究主体为150名30到80岁的单语者和双语者。
In 2004, she and her colleague Fergus Craik shifted to conduct three studies looking at the cognitive effects in some 150 monolingual and bilingual people between 30 and 80 years old.
在2004年，Bialystock和同事FergusCraik把研究方向转移到三项关于认知效果的研究上，该项目的研究主体为150名30到80岁的单语者和双语者。
In 2004, she and her colleague Fergus Craik shifted to conduct three studies looking at the cognitive effects in some 150 monolingual and bilingual people between 30 and 80 years old.
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