然而，原始研究依然并未涉及对照组。
However, once again, the original studies did not involve control groups.
源于原始研究论文的课堂讲稿和读物。
那么，首先，我应该注意到原始研究的首席作者并不必然赞同这份元分析的研究。
Well, first of all, I should note that the lead author from the original study does not necessarily agree with the findings of this meta-analysis. From the NYTimes coverage
包括对原始研究注释和记录，演讲手稿，考勤记录，病人记录和治疗记录等。
Including notes and records of original research, lecture notebooks, attendance records, some patient records and treatment notes.
当作者报告原始研究时，应精确的展示该研究作业，并以客观的角度讨论该研究的意涵。
Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed, as well as an objective discussion of its significance.
历史学家在研究中使用大量的原始资料和二手资料。
Historians use a wide range of primary and secondary sources for their research.
在俄亥俄州克利夫兰的凯斯西储大学，研究科学家设计了一种4英寸的硅片，可以容纳700个微型原始马达。
At Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, research scientists have designed a 4-inch silicon chip that holds 700 tiny primitive motors.
该史诗包含了藏民族文化的全部原始内核，具有很高的学术价值、美学价值和欣赏价值，是研究古代藏族社会的一部百科全书，被誉为“东方的荷马史诗“。
The epic has a high academic value, aesthetic value and appreciation value and is an encyclopaedia for the study of ancient Tibetan society winning the title of "Eastern Homer's Epic".
从这些研究中，科学家们得出结论，海洋覆盖着原始地球的表面，其中含有构成生命的基本分子。
From these studies, scientists have concluded that the surface of the primitive Earth was covered with oceans containing the molecules fundamental to life.
潘克塞普曾对老鼠进行了相关研究，他发现，当老鼠玩耍的时候，他们经常发出一种唧唧喳喳很尖的声音——根据科学家表示，这是笑的一种原始形态。
Panksepp has studied rats and found that when they play, they often chirp—a primitive form of laughter, according to the scientist.
印度考古研究所在20世纪60年代开始对它进行修复，现在它处于原始状态。
The Archaeological Survey of India began restoring it in the 1960s, and today it's in pristine condition.
所谓“莫扎特效应”的观念仍然很流行，但是原始的研究被发现有些不太可信，而且任何聆听音乐造成的智力提升似乎都是微小和临时性的。
The idea of a “Mozart effect” remains popular, but the original study has been somewhat discredited, and any intellectual boost that comes from listening to music seems to be tiny and temporary.
互联网的原始设计者从未预见到他们创造的最初用做学术和军事研究的网络，有一天会承担全球所有的通信和商业任务。
The Internet's original designers never foresaw that the academic and military research network they created would one day bear the burden of carrying all the world's communications and commerce.
塞弗特和她的团队表示达尔文猴化石太不完整，因此没有太多的结构细节值得研究。但他们没有一个人亲眼看到过这个原始的标本。
Seiffert and his team claim Darwinius didn't have much anatomical detail to study because it is so crushed, but none of the authors have ever seen the original specimen.
从原始的实验开展以来，许多研究探索了这个旁观者效应。
Since the original experiments, many studies have explored the bystander effect.
研究显示，当人们被提醒到自己失去的感情时，与动机和求生相关联的原始本能会被激发。
It showed that primitive instincts to do with motivation and survival are activiated when people are reminded of their lost relationships.
凯瑟琳•萨瑟兰教授通过研究奥斯汀尚未发表的1,100页原始手稿得出了这样一个结论：她作品中的文字内容是经人修改和处理过。
Professor Kathryn Sutherland studied 1, 100 original handwritten pages of Austen's unpublished writings and concluded that her efforts had been polished to correct the errors.
本文并没有充分讨论这些研究成果；要获得完整的讨论，可以参考原始的研究资料。
The study results are not completely discussed in this article; readers may refer to the original study for full discussion.
尽管想利用泰坦上的储备也许是不现实的，相关研究可以为了解地球的原始状态提供一些启发，因为它和泰坦的状况十分类似。
While it may be implausible to tap Titan's reserves, the research has implications for understanding Earth in its primordial stages since it likely resembled Titan.
该研究使用的原始数据来源于哈佛学院对1988年至1991年毕业班所做的回访调查。
The study used Harvard College reunion surveys for the 1988 to 1991 graduating class as their initial data.
“这将刺激我们去追逐那些具有潜在回报的事情，比如食物（或者其它原始奖励）或金钱，”Kuhnen说，她从事大脑如何处理风险方面的研究。
"This results in us being motivated to go grab that potentially rewarding thing, be it food (or any other primitive reward) or money, " said Kuhnen, who studies how risk plays out in the brain.
MRC的教授ChrisKennard说：“这项研究重点介绍了一些原始有趣的观念，即关于为什么老年人记忆会衰退。”
Professor Chris Kennard, of the MRC, said: 'This research highlights some interesting, original concepts relating to why memory loss occurs in old age.
研究由Peter莱曼和范里安在2000年和2003年，分析了创建的原始内容的数量，而不是什么是消费。
studies,by Peter Lyman and Hal Varian in 2000 and 2003, analyzed the quantityof original content created, rather than what was consumed.
非正式的研究已经表明Google趋向于优先选择最原始的报道。
Informal studies have observed that Google tends to prioritize original reporting over re-reported content.
生命可能多次起源，但研究表明诸多原始事件中唯有一件产生了今天所存在的生物体组织。
Life could have originated many times, but the study suggests that only one of those primordial events yielded the array of organisms living today.
研究显示，人们甚至认为品牌对人们有态度，因此人们对品牌产生了紧密的“原始”关联，就像婚姻和亲属关系一样。
The research shows that we can even believe that the brand has an attitude towards us, so we develop tight “primary” relationships with it that are on a par with marriage and kinship.
例如美国国立卫生研究院的拨款产生了原始的创意，制药企业再将这些创意变成有利可图的药品。
The grants doled out by America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, generate the raw ideas that pharmaceutical firms turn into profitable medicines.
例如美国国立卫生研究院的拨款产生了原始的创意，制药企业再将这些创意变成有利可图的药品。
The grants doled out by America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, generate the raw ideas that pharmaceutical firms turn into profitable medicines.
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