麻风是由一种细菌，即麻风分枝杆菌引起的慢性疾病。
Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae.
目的是要构建和鉴定耻垢分枝杆菌的重组体。
The objective is to construct and identify recombinant of Mycobacterium smegmatis.
答：首先，结核分枝杆菌很难处理。
A: First of all, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is difficult to work with.
如果你是一名从事分枝杆菌研究的遗传学家，完成一项实验就可能需要两年的时间。
If you’re a geneticist working with the mycobacterium, it can take up to two years to complete an experiment.
她还说，这也可能是由于世界不同地方的结核分枝杆菌种群的遗传差异造成的。
It could also be caused by genetic differences between M. tuberculosis populations in different parts of the world, she adds.
溃疡分枝杆菌基因组测序已导致鉴定生成细菌内酯的基因，揭示细菌内酯是如何合成的。
Sequencing the M. ulcerans genome has led to the identification of the genes that produce mycolactone, revealing how mycolactone is synthesized.
同时，实验室还需要快速而廉价的样本确认方法用以区分结核分枝杆菌复合菌群和非结核分枝杆菌。
Laboratories also need to use a rapid and affordable method of species identification to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria.
气溶胶中的结核分枝杆菌被世卫组织归类为危险生物群，需要采取3级生物安全实验室安全措施。
M. tuberculosis in aerosol is classified by WHO as a Risk Group organism, requiring biosafety level 3 laboratory safety precautions.
麻风是由一种细菌，即麻风分枝杆菌引起的慢性疾病，不具有高传染性，但如果得不到治疗，可能给皮肤、神经、四肢和眼睛造成严重和永久损害。
Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae. It is not highly infectious but can cause severe and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes if untreated.
问：结核分枝杆菌现在对越来越多的药物产生抗药性，廉价的诊断方法有太多不尽如人意的地方，而卡介苗疫苗的疗效不尽相同，使用至今已有80年之久。
Q: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is becoming resistant to more and more drugs, cheap diagnosis leaves much to be desired, and the BCG vaccine has varying efficacy and is 80 years old.
问：结核分枝杆菌现在对越来越多的药物产生抗药性，廉价的诊断方法有太多不尽如人意的地方，而卡介苗疫苗的疗效不尽相同，使用至今已有80年之久。
Q: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is becoming resistant to more and more drugs, cheap diagnosis leaves much to be desired, and the BCG vaccine has varying efficacy and is 80 years old.
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